Maureen Lane
Want to Reduce Poverty? Expand Education Access.
Tuesday’s Census release on 2007 data about New York’s poverty rate was reported as good news. After all, poverty has declined slightly in New York City and State. But this success is dwarfed by a larger policy failure: more than 1.5 million New Yorkers still struggle to get by below the official poverty line. One important reason is the inconsistency of our policy impacts. Last week a student walked into Welfare Rights Initiative (WRI) at Hunter College. She had just turned 18 years old at the end of July, graduated from high school and enrolled at Hunter. A dream realized for any family, unless the family is receiving public assistance. The student and her two younger siblings are receiving public assistance due to their mother’s disability. Our student was called to attend an HRA (Human Resources Administration) center appointment and told she must do 35 hours of workfare or her family’s budget will be cut.
Just as students citywide begin to head back to school, our student’s story underscores chronic gaps in the city’s support of access to education as a route out of poverty. Two students who had the exact same circumstances over the last 5 years met this year’s student. All three told us similar things, “I got to meet the 35 hours work or my family will lose their benefits.” So, in addition to being given inaccurate information, all the students felt this enormous responsibility for their families--more than a young person should have to bear. The current student was lucky she found WRI but many thousands of others, including the two students now at WRI, dropped out of college to take care of their families. What kind of policy sense does that make?
As a society we acknowledge that education is an important step in ensuring young people’s ability to secure their own financial future. We are on shaky policy ground to withhold this same access from people receiving welfare, predominantly women with children. Access to education is a proven route out of poverty, across the board. What’s more, when mothers receiving welfare are able to get the education they need, their children are more likely to succeed as well.
Yet, for some reason, this most successful route is systematically blocked – whether it’s by the Mayor through HRA, which decrees that some small amount of education can count towards the work time required to receive benefits, but college cannot. Most of what counts is workfare. Eighty-eight percent of women who finish their college degree move permanently out of poverty. Education has been shown to have the greatest success at allowing people to achieve their own economic security. No workfare program can claim such a statistic or long-term success!
The city requires 35 hours of work as opposed to the federal and state laws, which allow families with children under the age of six to count only 20 hours. New York City needs to adopt the 20-hour rule. In addition, no young person should be required to drop out of higher education in order to sustain their family’s welfare benefits.
To be sure, policy pundits removed from the reality of people’s lives, declare that people receiving welfare are allowed to seek any education they want. Disingenuous slights that suggest a mother-- working 35 hours in a workfare assignment, raising a family at fifty percent below poverty and not receiving any child care beyond her work fare assignment – can attend classes at night. This mother is struggling to feed and clothe her family and there is no extra money for transportation or childcare.
From basic education along the continuum to college all education should count as work activity. It makes good policy sense. Neither welfare nor any other policy should construct obstacles to education. We can’t have education policy that is moving towards access to all levels of education and training and have welfare policy that prevents poor people from participating.
Moving from welfare through the hard work of education is a path we need to forge if New York is to get smart about stemming the poverty trend we are in.
Maureen Lane: Author Bio | Other Posts
Posted at 9:30 AM, Aug 28, 2008 in Economic Opportunity | Education | Welfare
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Comments
Partially what's behind the work requirement is a stereotype: that those who need assistance are mostly at fault for that need--not that they had/have to face situations that are atypical for many others (others that might have easily attended, and been expected to attend, college, for instance, or those with a higher level of financial resources and know-how concerning higher education in the first place ). Instead, most social assistance programs seek to undermine long-term solutions through short- and medium-term "responsibility" requirements that aim, almost through a criminalizing mentality, to keep those who need government assistance from "abusing" the system. However, that system does not fully take into account educational prospectives because it sees "dependent" individuals as incapable of such normalcy. In fact, if there were a unified goal around social assistance programs, that might simply be to have clients garner enough employment/income to no longer need assistance. Simply, it is a political game, and the poor get the short end of the stick concerning resources and expectations. The overall impact of this type of thinking is not to allow progressive generations of lower income people to work through poverty and achieve class mobility, but to keep the possibility of self-sufficiency always connected with individual culpability. It is the narrow focus on technical aspects of one's case that hamper obviously beneficial moves. What is needed is a more comprehensive approach that sees personal agency and responsibility as part of a contextual and inter-related system that boosts people up in a long-term sustainable manner. New York City should foster programs that integrate social assistance with education and planning. In this way, we can begin to utilize the tremendous amount of untapped potential and creativity evident in so many, while modeling positive change for other cities and regions in similar situations. By flipping the stereotypical framework, we should begin invest in the poorer of our society for the sake of everyone's future.
Posted by: Justin Stec | August 28, 2008 05:47 PM
I agree with your assessment of the issue; welfare and other forms of governmental assistance programs need to be more forward-thinking where they can. Government programs should be implemented based on the results that they will bring about, and when they are not producing the desired results, then they should be modified so that they will bring about the results that they are meant to. There are far too many people living in poverty and the aim is or should be to reduce that number. Therefore, a governmental assistance program should be oriented towards achieving that end.
Currently, the purpose of governmental assistance programs is to simply provide its recipients with life’s bare necessities on a regular basis. This does not serve to move these individuals out of poverty; rather it encourages and even compels a long-term dependency on the system that is unhealthy for not only the recipients of these programs, but for the rest of society as well. Even when the government gives employment assistance, the jobs are low paying, still keeping people below the poverty line, and generally menial as well, providing people with little or no skills that will facilitate reemployment if they are ever laid off – meaning that, in all likelihood, those laid off will ultimately end up receiving assistance from the government once again. Thus governmental assistance often becomes an endless trap – like a web that binds people in their miserable circumstances rather than a service that assists people in moving forward so that they will have the opportunity to make better lives for themselves.
People who receive governmental assistance should be regarded as everyday individuals who have fallen on hard times and as such need a helping hand to stabilize them again so that they can get back on their feet. They should not only be helped with the essentials, but also assisted in ways that are productive: a means to get a GED and a college degree, job training programs that provide them with viable skills, programs that help them plan for the future, etc. That way they will have access to more stable and higher paying employment.
The circumstances of the Hunter College student and her mother are a little different. Since the mother is disabled, it may be that she’ll have to receive public assistance on a long-term if not permanent basis. However, this cycle need not be repeated. The government should be encouraging this girl’s admirable decision to go to college and strive for a better future for herself rather than crippling her efforts to do so and encouraging her to take a menial job to support her disabled mother. It’s almost as if the government is actually preparing her to live a life of poverty and/or end up on public assistance herself in the future. Why should this girl be condemned to a life of poverty because her mother is disabled? The mother didn’t choose the disability, and the girl did nothing to cause her mother’s disability. The government should be for the people, assisting the disadvantaged so that, as a whole, we can move forward together as a fruitful society. The United States has always been about the “American Dream”…parents doing everything in their power to ensure that their children will have access to the opportunities that they themselves never had or succeed in ways that they themselves never could. There’s nothing just in robbing this family line or any other of this Dream because a parent had a disability or hit a rough patch in life.
Posted by: oshaw | August 30, 2008 03:20 PM
I think it is definitely unfair to make kids work to support their families or parents who barely make it not get any help at all. Some sort of system should be implemented in place of this and definitely a law need to be passed. No young person should be expected to give up any extra time outside school or tertiary education to support their families and the adults who are struggling should be offered free education and help with taking care of their families until they are able to live comfortably themselves.
Posted by: Aalia Ali | September 2, 2008 08:30 PM
They call this good news? It seems to me that the people who have passed this legislation have no idea of how hard it is for someone to work 35 in a low paying job and continue an education. These are the same individuals that tell us that education is the key to success but at the same time they prevent these individuals from doing so. The students that are forced to do this already come to school with a disadvantage, many lack the funds to buy books, lack internet access, and have to struggle a little bit more than their fellow college students that do have the financial security that just allows them to focus on school. Having to work 35 hours, take care of family issues and perform well in school is a tough task to take on. Many of these individuals will not be able to do all three at their highest potential because they have so many other issues to worry about. Instead of forcing them to work, how about they try to make it easier for them to attend school and not have to worry about the financial situations that they are already suffering from. Lets even out the playing field, between those that can afford and education and those that are struggling to move ahead. It just seems as these individuals are being punished for the situation that they are in.
Posted by: samuel lopez | September 3, 2008 08:34 AM
They call this good news? It seems to me that the people who have passed this legislation have no idea of how hard it is for someone to work 35 in a low paying job and continue an education. These are the same individuals that tell us that education is the key to success but at the same time they prevent these individuals from doing so. The students that are forced to do this already come to school with a disadvantage, many lack the funds to buy books, lack internet access, and have to struggle a little bit more than their fellow college students that do have the financial security that just allows them to focus on school. Having to work 35 hours, take care of family issues and perform well in school is a tough task to take on. Many of these individuals will not be able to do all three at their highest potential because they have so many other issues to worry about. Instead of forcing them to work, how about they try to make it easier for them to attend school and not have to worry about the financial situations that they are already suffering from. Lets even out the playing field, between those that can afford and education and those that are struggling to move ahead. It just seems as these individuals are being punished for the situation that they are in.
Posted by: samuel lopez | September 3, 2008 08:36 AM
The implementation of workfare mandates has had a devastating impact on enrollment in education and training programs. In New York City alone, the policy of assigning all students to the Work Experience Program (WEP) regardless of what other work they are doing or its impact on their ability to continue in school has caused CUNY to lose over 21,000 students.
In my opinion, these welfare recipients, mostly single mothers, have contributed much to this country. They accepted the thirty-five hour per week assignment so that they can avoid the benefit cut for their families; they fought for women's rights to receive higher education while raising children on their own and they raised awareness of serious social problems, like getting inadequate childcare, earning lower than minimum wage, which had been swept under the rug for quite a long time. And we call these single mothers the "toughest women" for a reason. They endured sacrifices that none of us have had to bear.
Moreover, I thought we have to look into the historical role of welfare in helping women free themselves from domestic abuse and children from child abuse which has long been obscured. It is important to analyze the interconnection between domestic violence against women, poverty, and welfare cutbacks. From what I understand, while poverty contributes to abuse, so does abuse perpetuate poverty.
America has a very ugly past and present in many ways. We have oppressed, demoralized, institutionalized, and degraded, segregated, stereotyped, and persecuted millions of persons over the years. What is unfortunate is that with all our advances in business and technology... there are still single mothers living on the streets, starving with their children. There are still foreign workers being paid much less than minimum wage. There are still persons living with mental illness being drugged and institutionalized. The rich are still getting richer, as they exploit the poor and working classes.
Posted by: Kelly Tso | September 3, 2008 06:49 PM